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Hungary Economy 2012

SOURCE: 2012 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK AND OTHER SOURCES











Hungary Economy 2012
SOURCE: 2012 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK AND OTHER SOURCES


Page last updated on February 23,

Economy - overview:
Hungary has made the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy, with a per capita income nearly two-thirds that of the EU-25 average. The private sector accounts for more than 80% of GDP. Foreign ownership of and investment in Hungarian firms are widespread, with cumulative foreign direct investment worth more than $70 billion. The government's austerity measures, imposed since late 2006, reduced the budget deficit from over 9% of GDP in 2006 to 4.2% in 2010 and 2.9% in 2011. Hungary's impending inability to service its short-term debt - brought on by the global financial crisis in late 2008 - led Budapest to obtain an IMF/EU/World Bank-arranged financial assistance package worth over $25 billion. The global economic downturn, declining exports, and low domestic consumption and fixed asset accumulation, dampened by government austerity measures, resulted in an economic contraction of 6.3% in 2009. In 2010 the new government implemented a number of changes including cutting business and personal income taxes, but imposed "crisis taxes" on financial institutions, energy and telecom companies, and retailers. The economy began to recover in 2010 with a big boost from exports, especially to Germany, and achieved growth of approximately 1.8% in 2011. Unemployment remained high, at more than 11% in 2011. Ongoing economic weakness in Western Europe is likely to further constrain growth in 2012.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
$195.9 billion (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55

$192.5 billion (2010 est.)
$190.1 billion (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars
[see also: GDP country ranks ]

GDP (official exchange rate):
$147.9 billion (2011 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]

GDP - real growth rate:
1.8% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 158

1.2% (2010 est.)
-6.7% (2009 est.)
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ]

GDP - per capita (PPP):
$19,600 (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 64

$19,200 (2010 est.)
$19,000 (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars
[see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ]

GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 2.4%
[see also: GDP - composition by sector - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 37.3%
[see also: GDP - composition by sector - industry country ranks ]
services: 60.3% (2011 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition by sector - services country ranks ]

Labor force:
4.238 million (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 87
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]

Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 4.7%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 30.9%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - industry country ranks ]
services: 64.4% (2010)
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - services country ranks ]

Unemployment rate:
11.1% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 121

11.2% (2010 est.)
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ]

Population below poverty line:
13.9% (2010)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 3.1%
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10% country ranks ]
highest 10%: 22.6% (2009)
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10% country ranks ]

Distribution of family income - Gini index:
24.7 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 138

24.4 (1998)
[see also: Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks ]

Investment (gross fixed):
19.4% of GDP (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 127
[see also: Investment (gross fixed) country ranks ]

Budget:
revenues: $73.74 billion
[see also: Budget revenues country ranks ]
expenditures: $78.08 billion (2011 est.)
[see also: Budget expenditures country ranks ]

Taxes and other revenues:
49.9% of GDP (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 16
[see also: Taxes and other revenues country ranks ]

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-2.9% of GDP
country comparison to the world: 101
note: in 2011, the Government decided to redirect funds from the country's obligatory private pension scheme into state coffers in order to pay off government debt, effectively renationalizing the private pension system; the 2.9% deficit shown here does not include this change; including this change would result in a budget surplus of 3.6%; using funds in this manner allowed Hungary to achieve a reduction in public debt of more than 5 percentage points (2011 est.)
[see also: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks ]

Public debt:
76% of GDP (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 26

81.3% of GDP (2010 est.)
note: general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and government, state government, local government, and social security funds.
[see also: Public debt country ranks ]

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
3.7% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 81

4.9% (2010 est.)
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ]

Central bank discount rate:
6.25% (31 December 2011)
country comparison to the world: 67

5.75% (31 December 2010)
[see also: Central bank discount rate country ranks ]

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
8.4% (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 130

7.592% (31 December 2010 est.)
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ]

Stock of narrow money:
$34.11 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55

$31.8 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ]

Stock of broad money:
$72.73 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 61

$68.82 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ]

Stock of domestic credit:
$110.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 49

$104.8 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ]

Market value of publicly traded shares:
$27.71 billion (31 December 2010)
country comparison to the world: 58

$28.29 billion (31 December 2009)
$18.58 billion (31 December 2008)
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ]

Agriculture - products:
wheat, corn, sunflower seed, potatoes, sugar beets; pigs, cattle, poultry, dairy products

Industries:
mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles

Industrial production growth rate:
5.3% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]

Electricity - production:
37.55 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 58
[see also: Electricity - production country ranks ]

Electricity - consumption:
42.7 billion kWh (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 49
[see also: Electricity - consumption country ranks ]

Electricity - exports:
4.703 billion kWh (2010 est.)
[see also: Electricity - exports country ranks ]

Electricity - imports:
9.879 billion kWh (2010 est.)
[see also: Electricity - imports country ranks ]

Oil - production:
34,480 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 66
[see also: Oil - production country ranks ]

Oil - consumption:
146,600 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 68
[see also: Oil - consumption country ranks ]

Oil - exports:
69,820 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 74
[see also: Oil - exports country ranks ]

Oil - imports:
171,600 bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
[see also: Oil - imports country ranks ]

Natural gas - production:
2.494 billion cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55
[see also: Natural gas - production country ranks ]

Natural gas - consumption:
12.05 billion cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
[see also: Natural gas - consumption country ranks ]

Natural gas - exports:
227 million cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 42
[see also: Natural gas - exports country ranks ]

Natural gas - imports:
9.636 billion cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 26
[see also: Natural gas - imports country ranks ]

Natural gas - proved reserves:
8.098 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
[see also: Natural gas - proved reserves country ranks ]

Current account balance:
$1.876 billion (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 42

$3.049 billion (2010 est.)
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ]

Exports:
$115.6 billion (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 36

$93.29 billion (2010 est.)
[see also: Exports country ranks ]

Exports - commodities:
machinery and equipment 61.1%, other manufactures 28.7%, food products 6.5%, raw materials 2%, fuels and electricity 1.6% (2009 est.)

Exports - partners:
Germany 25.5%, Italy 5.5%, UK 5.4%, Romania 5.3%, Slovakia 5.1%, France 4.9%, Austria 4.7% (2010 est.)

Imports:
$107.8 billion (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 32

$87.08 billion (2010 est.)
[see also: Imports country ranks ]

Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment 50%, fuels and electricity 11%, food products, raw materials

Imports - partners:
Germany 26.1%, Russia 7.7%, China 6.8%, Austria 5.9%, Netherlands 4.4%, Poland 4.3%, Italy 4.2% (2010 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$52.89 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 35

$44.99 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
[see also: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ]

Debt - external:
$185 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 32

$179 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ]

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$73.93 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 47

$71.47 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ]

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$24.04 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41

$22.17 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ]

Exchange rates:
forints (HUF) per US dollar -

195.9 (2011 est.)
207.94 (2010 est.)
202.34 (2009)
171.8 (2008)
183.83 (2007)


NOTE: 1) The information regarding Hungary on this page is re-published from the 2012 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Hungary Economy 2012 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Hungary Economy 2012 should be addressed to the CIA.
2) The rank that you see is the CIA reported rank, which may habe the following issues:
  a) They assign increasing rank number, alphabetically for countries with the same value of the ranked item, whereas we assign them the same rank.
  b) The CIA sometimes assignes counterintuitive ranks. For example, it assigns unemployment rates in increasing order, whereas we rank them in decreasing order






This page was last modified 07-Mar-12
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