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Venezuela Geography 1996

Location:

Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Colombia and Guyana

Map references:

South America

Area:

total area:

912,050 sq km

land area:

882,050 sq km

comparative area:

slightly more than twice the size of California

Land boundaries:

total 4,993 km, Brazil 2,200 km, Colombia 2,050 km, Guyana 743 km

Coastline:

2,800 km

Maritime claims:

contiguous zone:

15 nm

continental shelf:

200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:

200 nm

territorial sea:

12 nm

International disputes:

claims all of Guyana west of the Essequibo River; maritime boundary dispute with Colombia in the Gulf of Venezuela

Climate:

tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands

Terrain:

Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast

Natural resources:

petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals, hydropower, diamonds

Land use:

arable land:

permanent crops:

meadows and pastures:

20%

forest and woodland:

39%

other:

37%

Irrigated land:

2,640 sq km (1989 est.)

Environment:

current issues:

sewage pollution of Lago de Valencia; oil and urban pollution of Lago de Maracaibo; deforestation; soil degradation; urban and industrial pollution, especially along the Caribbean coast

natural hazards:

subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic droughts

international agreements:

party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping

Note:

on major sea and air routes linking North and South America

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