Page last updated on February 27,

Location:
Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)

Geographic coordinates:
41 54 N, 12 27 E

Map references:
Europe

Area:
total: 0.44 sq km
[see also: Area - total country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 250
land: 0.44 sq km
[see also: Area - land country ranks ]
water: 0 sq km
[see also: Area - water country ranks ]

Area - comparative:
about 0.7 times the size of The National Mall in Washington, DC

Land boundaries:
total: 3.2 km
border countries: Italy 3.2 km
[see also: Land boundaries country ranks ]

Coastline:
0 km (landlocked)
[see also: Coastline country ranks ]

Maritime claims:
none (landlocked)

Climate:
temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)

Terrain:
urban; low hill

Elevation extremes:
lowest point: unnamed location 19 m
[see also: Elevation extremes - lowest point country ranks ]
highest point: unnamed elevation 75 m
[see also: Elevation extremes - highest point country ranks ]

Natural resources:
none

Land use:
arable land: 0%
[see also: Land use - arable land country ranks ]
permanent crops: 0%
[see also: Land use - permanent crops country ranks ]
other: 100% (urban area) (2005)
[see also: Land use - other country ranks ]

Irrigated land:
0 sq km
[see also: Irrigated land country ranks ]

Natural hazards:
NA

Environment - current issues:
NA

Environment - international agreements:
party to: Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification

Geography - note:
landlocked; enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; beyond the territorial boundary of Vatican City, the Lateran Treaty of 1929 grants the Holy See extraterritorial authority over 23 sites in Rome and five outside of Rome, including the Pontifical Palace at Castel Gandolfo (the Pope's summer residence)