Page last updated on February 23,

Location:
Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania

Geographic coordinates:
14 00 N, 14 00 W

Map references:
Africa

Area:
total: 196,722 sq km
[see also: Area - total country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 88
land: 192,530 sq km
[see also: Area - land country ranks ]
water: 4,192 sq km
[see also: Area - water country ranks ]

Area - comparative:
slightly smaller than South Dakota

Land boundaries:
total: 2,640 km
border countries: The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km
[see also: Land boundaries country ranks ]

Coastline:
531 km
[see also: Coastline country ranks ]

Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Climate:
tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind

Terrain:
generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast

Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
[see also: Elevation extremes - lowest point country ranks ]
highest point: unnamed elevation southwest of Kedougou 581 m
[see also: Elevation extremes - highest point country ranks ]

Natural resources:
fish, phosphates, iron ore

Land use:
arable land: 12.51%
[see also: Land use - arable land country ranks ]
permanent crops: 0.24%
[see also: Land use - permanent crops country ranks ]
other: 87.25% (2005)
[see also: Land use - other country ranks ]

Irrigated land:
1,200 sq km (2008)
[see also: Irrigated land country ranks ]

Total renewable water resources:
39.4 cu km (1987)
[see also: Total renewable water resources country ranks ]

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
total: 2.22 cu km/yr (4%/3%/93%)
[see also: Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural) - total country ranks ]
per capita: 190 cu m/yr (2002)
[see also: Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural) - per capita country ranks ]

Natural hazards:
lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts

Environment - current issues:
wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; overfishing

Environment - international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note:
westernmost country on the African continent; The Gambia is almost an enclave within Senegal